When psychologists talk of personality, they mean a dynamic concept describing the growth and development of a person's whole psychological system that determine his unique adjustments to his environment.
Under psychometrics, we have various personality tests that measure those relatively enduring aspects of an individual which distinguish them from other people, making them unique. At the same time, however, they permit a comparison between individuals.
Personality maybe measured by one of the following ways: self-report surveys, observer-rating surveys and/or projective measures.
Personality appears to be a result of both hereditary and environmental factors. However, the (rather surprising) result of a research suggests that personality development tends to better support the importance of heredity over the environment.
How different are values and value systems of an individual?
Values contain a judgemental element in that they carry an individual's idea of what is right, good, or desirable. Values have both content and intensity attributes. The content attribute says that a mode of conduct or an end-state of existence is important. The intensity attribute specifies how important it is.
When we rank an individual's values in terms of their intensity, we obtain that person's value system. They can be further classified into Terminal Values ( desirable end-states of existence, the goals a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime) and Instrumental Values ( preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving one's terminal values). For eg, to achieve Equality (brotherhood, equal opportunity for all) which is a terminal value, the instrumental values would be being Courageous (standing up for your own beliefs).
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